The only other species in the genus Punica is the Socotran pomegranate ( P. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It could well be a wild form with a distinct origin. granatum popularly planted as an ornamental plant in gardens and larger containers, and used as a bonsai specimen tree. Air layering is also an option for propagation, but grafting fails. Pomegranate grows easily from seed, but is commonly propagated from 25 to 50 cm (10 to 20 in) hardwood cuttings to avoid the genetic variation of seedlings. Insect pests of the pomegranate can include the butterflies Virachola isocrates, Iraota timoleon, Deudorix epijarbas, and the leaf-footed bug Leptoglossus zonatus, and fruit flies and ants are attracted to unharvested ripe fruit. They can tolerate moderate frost, down to about −12 ☌ (10 ☏). In wetter areas, they can be prone to root decay from fungal diseases. Pomegranates are drought-tolerant, and can be grown in dry areas with either a Mediterranean winter rainfall climate or in summer rainfall climates. Mature specimens can develop sculptural twisted-bark multiple trunks and a distinctive overall form. granatum is grown for its fruit crop, and as ornamental trees and shrubs in parks and gardens. Primarily, the pigmentation of pomegranate juice results from the presence of anthocyanins and ellagitannins.
In mature fruits, the juice obtained by compressing the seeds yields a sour flavor due to low pH (4.4) and high contents of polyphenols, which may cause a red indelible stain on fabrics. The fruit is intermediate in size between a lemon and a grapefruit, 5–12 cm (2– 4 + 1⁄ 2 in) in diameter with a rounded shape and thick, reddish husk. īotanically, the edible fruit is a berry with seeds and pulp produced from the ovary of a single flower. The number of seeds in a pomegranate can vary from 200 to about 1,400. Containing juice, the sarcotesta is formed as a thin membrane derived from the epidermal cells of the seeds. Membranes of the mesocarp are organized as nonsymmetric chambers that contain seeds inside sarcotestas, which are embedded without attachment to the mesocarp. Red-purple in color, the pomegranate fruit husk has two parts: an outer, hard pericarp, and an inner, spongy mesocarp (white "albedo"), which comprises the fruit inner wall where seeds attach.
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